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| Failure Analysics |
Structural analysis is the branch of mechanical engineering and also
civil engineering devoted to examining why and how objects fail and to fix the
objects and their performance. Structural failures occur in two general modes:
static failure, and fatigue failure.
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| Structural Analysics |
Static structural failure occurs
when, upon being loaded having a force applied the object being analyzed
either breaks or is deformed plastically, depending on the
criterion for failure. Fatigue failure occurs when an object
fails after a number of repeated loading and unloading cycles. Fatigue failure
occurs because of imperfections in the object: a microscopic crack on the
surface of the object, for instance, will grow slightly with each cycle until the crack is large enough to cause ultimate failure.
Failure
is not simply defined as when a part breaks, however; it is defined as when a
part does not operate as intended. Some systems, such as the perforated top
sections of some plastic bags, are designed to break. If these systems do not
break, failure analysis might be employed to determine the cause.
Structural
analysis is often used by mechanical engineers after a failure has occurred, or
when designing to prevent failure.
Structural analysis may be
used in the office when designing parts, in the field to analyze failed parts,
or in laboratories where parts might undergo controlled failure tests
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